C

C is a programming language developed at AT & T’s Bell Laboratories of USA in 1972. It was designed and written by a man named Dennis Ritchie .

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Syllabus

Page 1

Getting Started

What is C

Getting Started with C

The C Character Set

Constants, Variables and Keywords

Types of C Constants

Rules for Constructing Integer Constants

Rules for Constructing Real Constants

Rules for Constructing Character Constants

Types of C Variables

Rules for Constructing Variable Names

C Keywords

The First C Program

Compilation and Execution

Receiving Input

C Instructions

Type Declaration Instruction

Arithmetic Instruction

Integer and Float Conversions

Type Conversion in Assignments

Hierarchyof Operations

Associativity of Operators

Control Instructions in C 

The DecisionControl Structure

The if Statement

Multiple Statements within if

The if-else Statement

Nested if-elses

Forms of if

Use of Logical Operators

The else if Clause

The ! Operator

Hierarchyof Operators Revisited

The Conditional Operators

The Loop Control Structure

Loops
The while Loop

Tips and Traps

More Operators

The for Loop

Nesting of Loops

Multiple Initialisations in the for Loop

The break Statement

The continue Statement

The do-while Loop

Page 2

The Case Control Structure

Decisions Using switch

switch Versus if-elseLadder

The goto Keyword

Functions & Pointers

What is a Function

Why Use Functions

Passing Values between Functions

Scope Rule of Functions

Calling Convention

Advanced Features of Functions

Function Declaration and Prototypes

Call by Value and Call by Reference

An Introduction to Pointers

Pointer Notation

Back to Function Calls

Recursion

Recursion and Stack

Adding Functions to the Library

Data Types

Integers, longand short

Integers, signed and unsigned

Chars, signedand unsigned

Floats and Doubles

Storage Classes in C

Automatic Storage Class

Register Storage Class

Static Storage Class

External Storage Class

Which to Use When

The C Preprocessor

Features of C Preprocessor 

Macro Expansion

Macros with Arguments

Macros versus Functions

File Inclusion 

Conditional Compilation 

#ifand #elif Directives

Arrays

What are Arrays

Array Initialization

Bounds Checking

Page 3

Passing ArrayElements to a Function

Pointers and Arrays

Passing anEntire Arraytoa Function

Two Dimensional Arrays

Initializing a 2-Dimensional Array

Memory Map of a 2-Dimensional Array

Pointers and 2-Dimensional Arrays

Pointer to an Array

Passing 2-D array to a Function

Arrayof Pointers 

Three Dimensional Array

Working On Strings

What are Strings

More about Strings

Pointers and Strings

Standard Library String Functions

strlen()

strcpy()

strcat()

strcmp()

Two-Dimensional ArrayofCharacters

Arrayof Pointers to Strings

Limitation ofArrayof Pointers to Strings

Structures

Why Use Structures

Declaring a Structure

Accessing Structure Elements

How Structure Elements are Stored

Array of Structures

Additional Features of Structures

Uses of Structures

Console Input/Output

Types of I/O

Console I/O Functions

Formatted Console I/O Functions

sprintf()and sscanf() Functions

Unformatted Console I/O Functions

Page 4

File Input/Output

Data Organization

File Operations

Opening a File

Reading froma File

Trouble in Opening a File

Closingthe File

Counting Characters, Tabs, Spaces, …

A File-copy Program

Writing to a File

File Opening Modes

String (line) I/O in Files

Record I/O in File

Text Files and BinaryFiles

Record I/O Revisited

Database Management

Low Level Disk I/O

A Low LevelFile-copyProgram

I/O Under Windows

More Issues In Input/Output

Using argcand argv

Detecting Errors in Reading/Writing

Standard I/O Devices

I/O Redirection

Redirecting the Output

Redirecting the Input

Operations On Bits

Bitwise Operators

One’s Complement Operator

Right Shift Operator

Left Shift Operator

Bitwise AND Operator

Bitwise OR Operator

Bitwise XOR Operator

The showbits( ) Function

Many More.....